Tinnitus is the name for hearing sounds that do not come from an outside source. People may describe ringing, buzzing, humming, hissing, whooshing or other noises. You might hear it in one ear, both ears or in your head; it can come and go or be present much of the time.
Tinnitus is not usually a sign of something serious and may improve by itself. Its cause is not always clear, so a new or persistent sound is not something you can diagnose from a description alone.
What can be linked to tinnitus?
The NHS says tinnitus is often linked to some form of hearing loss, but it can also be associated with other health conditions or certain medicines. Sometimes a GP may find a cause that can be treated, such as an ear infection or earwax build-up. A clinician can check your ears and consider whether a hearing assessment or further tests are needed.
When should you speak to a GP?
Arrange a GP appointment if tinnitus is regular or constant, is getting worse, or is affecting your sleep, concentration or mood. Ask for an urgent GP appointment if the sound beats in time with your pulse.
The NHS advises going to A&E or calling 999 if tinnitus follows a head injury, or happens with sudden hearing loss, weakness in the muscles of your face or a spinning sensation called vertigo. If your hearing has suddenly changed, do not wait to see whether a consumer listening device helps.
Everyday ways to cope
Coping strategies are personal, but the NHS suggests trying relaxation, building a steady sleep routine and avoiding things that make tinnitus worse for you, such as stress or loud background noise. Some people find that soft music or other gentle sound is more comfortable than complete silence. Keep any sound at a comfortable level.
Support groups may also help you talk with people who understand what tinnitus can be like. If it is affecting your wellbeing, tell your GP. The NHS notes that talking therapies may be offered when the cause is unknown or cannot be treated.
Are sound amplifiers a treatment for tinnitus?
No. A personal sound amplifier is a consumer listening product, not a tinnitus treatment and not a way to find the cause of the sound. It should not replace an assessment or advice from a GP or hearing professional. If you are considering any listening device for another purpose, check the product’s stated intended use and instructions.
Frequently asked questions
Is tinnitus always a ringing sound?
No. People may hear buzzing, humming, hissing, whooshing, throbbing or other sounds.
Can earwax cause tinnitus?
Earwax build-up is one possible cause a GP may check for. Tinnitus has several possible causes, so it is best not to assume wax is responsible.
Should I wait if tinnitus is affecting my sleep?
The NHS advises seeing a GP if tinnitus is bothering you, including when it affects sleep or concentration. Seek urgent help for pulse-synchronous tinnitus or the emergency symptoms described above.
Information only. This article is not a diagnosis or treatment plan. For tinnitus that is persistent, worsening or worrying, contact your GP; use urgent services for the symptoms above.
